Allergies and intolerances are both abnormal reactions to food, which is why they’re often confused. Knowing what to look out for will make it easier to tell the difference.

What causes food allergies in babies?

A food allergy occurs when the immune system mistakes a normally harmless food protein as a threat. The body reacts to the perceived threat, which can cause a range of food allergy symptoms.

Signs of food allergies in babies

Babies’ food allergy symptoms may include:

If there is a strong family history of allergies, or your baby has other allergic conditions, speak to your doctor or healthcare professional if you have concerns when introducing solid foods.

Most common food allergies in babies

Certain foods are more likely to trigger allergic reactions. When introducing common allergenic foods as part of weaning, offer them one at a time and in small amounts so it is easier to identify the cause if your baby has a reaction.

Common food allergens in children include:

If you suspect your baby has had an allergic reaction to a food, stop giving that food and consult your doctor for advice. A healthcare professional can advise you on diagnosis and how to keep your baby’s diet healthy and balanced while avoiding confirmed allergens.

Severe food allergy reactions in babies

In rare cases, a food allergy can cause a severe and potentially life-threatening reaction called anaphylaxis. A mild or moderate allergic reaction can also progress to a severe reaction, so it is important to watch your baby carefully.

Signs of anaphylaxis in babies

Signs of a severe allergic reaction may include:

If your baby shows signs of anaphylaxis, call 995 for an ambulance immediately. If your child has been prescribed an adrenaline auto-injector, use it as instructed by their healthcare professional.

What is the difference between food allergy and food intolerance?

A food intolerance is an adverse reaction to a food that does not involve the immune system in the same way as a food allergy. It often affects digestion. Unlike a food allergy, food intolerance does not cause anaphylaxis, but the symptoms can still be uncomfortable and may be difficult to identify.

Signs of food intolerances in babies

Food intolerance symptoms may take time to appear, which can make the trigger difficult to identify. Keeping a record of what your child has eaten and any symptoms that follow can be helpful when speaking to a healthcare professional.

When to seek further support

If you think your baby may have a food allergy or intolerance, speak to a doctor or healthcare professional before changing their diet or cutting out foods. They can advise you on diagnosis, introducing foods safely and keeping your baby’s diet balanced. If your baby shows signs of a severe allergic reaction, call 995 for an ambulance immediately.