Cow’s milk allergy, also known as cow’s milk protein allergy (CMPA), is a food allergy that can affect babies and young children. Symptoms may appear soon after consuming milk or may be delayed. The good news is that many children outgrow cow’s milk allergy as they get older.
Symptoms of cow’s milk allergy can include:
• A red, itchy rash on their skin
• Swelling of their lips, face or eyes
• Vomiting
• Diarrhoea
• Constipation
• Runny or blocked nose
• Tummy ache
• An increase in eczema, which may be a sign of a delayed reaction
Most allergic reactions are mild to moderate, but a severe allergic reaction, known as anaphylaxis, can be life-threatening. Signs may include wheezing or difficulty breathing, persistent coughing, swelling of the tongue, difficulty swallowing, becoming pale or bluish, or becoming unusually sleepy or unconscious. If your baby shows signs of anaphylaxis, call 995 for an ambulance immediately.
Cow’s milk allergy occurs when the immune system reacts to proteins found in cow’s milk. The two main types of protein in cow’s milk are casein and whey.
Casein is found in the part of milk that curdles, while whey is found in the remaining liquid. A child may react to one or more cow’s milk proteins.
If your baby is diagnosed with cow’s milk allergy, their doctor or healthcare professional will advise you on how to manage the allergy and ensure your baby continues to receive appropriate nutrition.
Do not reintroduce cow’s milk into your child’s diet unless advised to do so by their healthcare professional.
Babies with cow’s milk allergy can react to cow’s milk protein in standard infant formula. If your baby is formula-fed, their doctor or healthcare professional can recommend an appropriate specialist formula.
If your baby is breastfed, seek professional advice before removing cow’s milk products from your own diet. A healthcare professional or dietitian can advise whether dietary changes are necessary and help ensure your nutritional needs continue to be met.
Even if a food is labelled as milk-free or non-dairy, check the ingredients and allergen information carefully. If you are uncertain whether a food is suitable, seek professional advice or contact the manufacturer.
If your baby has a diagnosed or suspected cow’s milk protein allergy, speak to their doctor or healthcare professional before changing their formula or introducing another type of milk. They can recommend a suitable feeding option based on your baby’s individual needs.
Symptoms vary from baby to baby, and any suspected cow’s milk allergy should be discussed with a healthcare professional. If you are worried about your baby’s symptoms, feeding, formula or diet, seek medical advice. For a severe allergic reaction involving breathing, swallowing or consciousness, call 995 immediately.
